which was originally written for ColdFusion. Many other frameworks have come along since then, with the
next major highlight being Struts, written in Java. A number of PHP clones of Structs were written, but didn’t
translate well to PHP. The biggest difference being that Java web applications run in a virtual machine that
runs continuously, so the startup time of the application is not a factor for every web request. PHP initializes
each request from a clean slate and so the large initiation required for Structs clones made them relatively slow
as a result. Recently, a new framework entered the world based on a relatively unknown language called Ruby.
Rails (or Ruby on Rails as it is also known) promoted the concept of convention over configuration and has
taken the web development world by storm. Shortly after Rails came along, a number of direct PHP clones
have appeared, along with a number of frameworks that are inspired by Rails, rather than direct copies.
In late 2005, Zend Technologies, a company that specializes in PHP, started their PHP Collaboration
project to advance the use of PHP. There are three strands to the project: an eclipse IDE plugin called PDT, the
Zend Framework and the Zend Developer Zone website. The Zend Framework is an open source project that
provides a web framework for PHP and is
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